A policy review of affordable housing in London Essay

An approach survey of reasonable lodging in London - Essay Example Reasonable lodging strategy has after some time been the fantasy for the Londoners to locate a maintainable answer for the lodging difficulties influencing this incredible city. In 2014 for example, London lodging technique perceived that there is have to unite sufficient assets to empower London the improvement of 42,000 houses for every year. This focuses on basically multiplying the lodging conveyance for London. The technique perceives the requirement for joint effort between governments, private area, civic chairman and wards. There is requirement for an arrangement structure that advances bolster raising of surplus open land, just as in elevating institutional speculation to see London convey the vital housing.â a) Specific Policies for Boosting Housing SupplyThe London lodging system under segment 3.2 accommodates strategy changes to make an adaptable market and advance the development of middle of the road lodging. The London approaches have enormously changed after some tim e and in 2014, an arrangement to see expanded lodging conveyances included the accompanying (GLA, 2014,): Policy 1: the chairman of London city is required to work with different accomplices to convey the arranged objective for London which is 42,000 houses for each annum. The arrangement accommodates 25,000 market homes; 17,000 reasonable homes that individuals can lease or purchase; and 5,000 of the market homes will be for reason constructed. This will incorporate the drawn out private lease particularly on the plans which have more than one stage expanding the lodging gracefully for the City.â â

Marx Study Essays - Marxist Theory, Antitheists, Karl Marx

Marx Study In Karl Marx's initial composition on offended work there is a reasonable what's more, winning spotlight on the situation of the worker. Marx's composition on antagonized work is and endeavor to draw an unmistakable differentiation between land owners and laborers. In the composing Marx contends that the specialist gets irritated from his work since he isn't the beneficiary of the item he makes. Therefore work is externalized, that is work turns into the object of keeps an eye on presence. As work is generalized man gets disappointed and subjugated. Marx contends that man becomes to be seen as an item worth just the work he makes and man is additionally decreased to a staying alive creature drained of any limit of opportunity aside from the will to work. For Marx this all prompts the development of private property, the adversary of the low class. Indeed Marx's composition on offended work is a disavowal of private property-an admonition of how private property subjugates the specialist. This composition on irritated work is an undeniable purpose of reason for Marx's Communist Manifesto. The motivation behind this paper is to see Marx's idea of distance (repelled work) and how it limits opportunity. For Marx man's opportunity is surrendered or in actuality wrested from his actual nature once he turns into a worker. This procedure is completely clarified all through Estranged Work. This examination will uncover this procedure and contend it's legitimacy. Appendant to this investigation on distance there will be a small scale study which will endeavor to find out Marx's perspective on opportunity (for example positive or negative). The examination on distance related to the miniaturized scale concentrate on Marx's perspective on opportunity will help not just uncover why Marx feels work limits keeps an eye on opportunity, however it will likewise distinguish precisely what sort of opportunity is being restricted. Offended Labor Karl Marx distinguishes antagonized work as work outsider to man. Marx clarifies the state of alienated work as the consequence of man taking part in an foundation outsider to his inclination. It is my translation that man is estranged from his work since he isn't the harvester of what he plants. Since he is never the beneficiary of his endeavors the worker needs character with what he makes. For Marx at that point work is strange to the worker...[and]...does not have a place with his basic being. Marx distinguishes two clarifications of why keeps an eye on absence of character with work drives him to be alienated from work. (1) [The labourer] doesn't grow openly his physical and mental vitality, however rather mortifies his brain. at the end of the day work neglects to sustain keeps an eye on physical and mental limits and rather depletes them. Since the laborer is denied any sustaining in his work no closeness between the laborer and his work creates. Coming up short on a private connection with what he makes man is immediately alienated from his work. (2) Labor irritates man from himself. Marx contends that the work the specialist produces doesn't have a place with him, yet to another person. Given this condition the worker has a place with another person and is in this way oppressed. Because of being subjugated the specialist is decreased to a remaining alive creature, a condition outsider to him. As a final product man is antagonized from himself and is completely humiliated. Marx focuses to these to circumstances as the explanation man is basically antagonized from his work. The incongruency between the universe of things the laborer makes and the world the laborer lives in is the offense. Marx contends that the laborer initially figures it out he is irritated from his work when it is evident he can't accomplish what he appropriates. Because of this acknowledgment the externalization of work happens. For the specialist the work turns into an item, something ill defined and unidentifiable. Since work is typified, the worker starts to recognize the result of work as work. At the end of the day all the laborer can recognize as a result of his work, given the state of what he delivers as an ill defined, unidentifiable item, is work. The specialist is then left with just work as the finished result of his endeavors. The rising condition is that he attempts to make more work. For Marx the repetitive excess of this condition is exceptionally negative in light of the fact that the laborer loses himself in his endeavors. He contends that this circumstance is practically equivalent to a man and his religion. Marx expresses, The more man places into God the less he holds in himself....The specialist puts his life into the article, however now his life no longer has a place with him yet to the object. The aftereffect of the specialist having a place

Gimme a C!

Gimme a “C”! Since youre all probably sick of hearing about my summer, I emailed the cheerleading squad to see if I could get anybody elses summer plans. Since nobody on the squad responds to emails, I got four five responses out of the ~20 cheerleaders on the squad. I think Ill just list what everybody else is doing at the end. Talking about people behind their backs thats cheerleadery, isnt it? Jess 08 Well Im in Italy studying architecture in the Veneto Area (around Venice) mainly the work of Carlo Scarpa. Favorite ice cream: Kiwi gelato (from Venice!!) Major: Architecture and management science What else are you doing this summer? Ill be working for Lockheed Martin as an engineer and project planner when i get back (I know doesnt really fit with the major!) And when I get home I cant wait to watch trashy VH1 countdowns and hear English all around me!!! Jenn 08 Major: Course 14 Econ Favorite ice cream: Oatmeal cookie What are you doing this summer? Interning at JPMorgan in Investment Banking Debt Capital Markets (DCM) Where? NYC Details: I get to work on a trading floor and met the CEO of JPM (Jamie Dimon) as well as other JPM execs. Have you gone/will you go anywhere cool this summer? Going to Oregon for an outdoor-sy family vacation. Anything else? Ive run into a lot of MIT people in NYC and particularly in Banking/consulting. Its also pretty cool, because everything seems pretty easy in comparison to late nights at MIT (except maybe waking up before 7am). Chris 09 [Ed. note: Yes, he is a boy. And he is a boy who gets to hang out with/touch 20 girls in short skirts on a regular basis, so hes a smart boy, too.] Major: 8 and 22 Favorite ice cream: Gingerbread What are you doing this summer? Astrophysics UROP Where? The Kavli Institute for Space Research in (Building 37) Details: Im working with a group that is involved in the physics behind a new radio telescope array that is to be built in the radio-quiet region of Mileura in western Australia. My group is focusing on detailed measurements of the magnetic field surrounding the dynamic solar corona. Have you gone/will you go anywhere cool this summer? Well, I spent some time at home after finals, and before coming back, my friends and I drove down to Manchester, TN for Bonnaroo, a 4-day music arts festival. Think Woodstock, all over again. As for the future, Im sure some camping trips around the Great Northeast are in order. Anybody down? Jiang Wei 08 Major? Course 15 (finance concentration) Favorite ice cream flavor? Plain sweet creamy French Vanilla What are you doing this summer? Investment Strategies Where? A private wealth management firm in Boston Any amusing/noteworthy tidbits about your job? The people are all so dedicated, smart, and nice! Going on any cool trips before school starts back up? I went to South Africa earily this summer to teach communication skills to mechanical engineering seniors at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Later this summer I will travel to Chicago and NYC! and really, anything else you feel like saying: I love reading, learning, and if you cant tell, cleaning* and having fun. *Note: Jiang Weis original picture has a vacuum to the left. And its super-sexy. Alas, I had to crop it out. As for everybody else I know Morgan 09 has her own office for her UROP (Im so jealous!). Aline 08 is doing research in Wisconsin. I think Carly 07 is doing research at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (shes course 12 and course 5). Isa 07 is doing a nuclear engineering internship in North Carolina (and living on the beach). Robin 08 is doing an engineering internship in Vegas, and I think her cute football player boyfriend is there too. Jen 06 started her MD/PhD program in Texas, and she and her boyfriend Joey 06 moved into a cute little house and got a kitten. Michelle 09 is doing a UROP here at MIT. And thats all I know (or can reasonably discover on Facebook)! Ill answer questions next time, I promise. EDIT, 6/29 Shannon 08 Major? Environmental Engineering (1-E) Favorite ice cream flavor Moose Tracks =D [Ed. note: This is a rather amazing ice cream flavor.] What are you doing this summer? UROP Where? Parsons Lab, Bldg. 48 Noteworthy tidbits about your job? Im working with hollow high density polyethylene spheres, molasses, and a vibrator. However, the greater scope of the research is carbon sequestration to mitigate anthropogenic climate change. Id say thats the sexy part. [Ed. note: So I guess you could say Shannon is using molasses to save the world, while Sam uses turkey carcasses. Sounds like Christmas dinner to me.] Anything else exciting in your life? Im co-teaching a cheerleading class at MIT through ESP this summer with Morgan 09. Im also working on my back handspring with guys from the MIT gymnastics team.

corruption the international evolution Essay - 1537 Words

CASE N °2  « Corruption: The international evolution of new management challenges â€Å" School year 2013 - 2014 Introduction Since the phenomenon of globalization, companies that decided to broaden their horizons have to face multiple challenges and their management functions need some adaptations. While going abroad, companies may become concerned with the subject of corruption that makes the business with foreign countries even more complicated. Even if there is a willingness to fight and reduce the corruption across the world, companies must be aware that this subject exists and must take it into account while dealing with foreign companies, their efforts to understand and adapt to local corruption influencing their success of†¦show more content†¦In order to draw that line companies should look at three different aspects. First, the international laws about gifts and bribes must be carefully analysed. Second, companies should gather information in regard to what is permitted by the local culture. Last but not least, companies must look carefully at their CSR strategy in order to see which kind of gifts there are ready to accept in order to be in line with their core values. After analysing those three aspects, companies will be able to draw a line between gifts and bribes, using an ethical relativism or an ethical absolutism (Bricoe, Schuler and Tarique, 2012). This list must be integrated to a gift policy (anti-corruption code; see Appendix 2) that must to be well communicated, accepted and used by all members of the company. In top of that, the company should put in place controls system in order to check if the anti-corruption code is respected. The role of the international human resources management function is therefore crucial. The IHRM function needs to understand the different cultures the company is dealing with, to tolerate the cultural diversity while avoiding moral recklessness. This will ask the managers to conduct deep researches about the cultural differences and to train people concerning the anti-corruption code. Are donations to politicians and political parties a form of corruption? Should donations be prohibited? Donations to politicians and political parties appears inShow MoreRelatedCorruption Is A Big Cause Of Corruption856 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic I chose for my research paper is corruption in Africa. Corruption is one of the most deadly, wicked and immoral evil that endures in the society. Corruption is a toxic which has been meal in the mind of erroneous people in the society. We can see corruption in almost most parts of the world, but I would like to focus more on Africa and how the people there suffer because of these mal practices practiced by the people who have power and authority. If the people who have the power and authorityRead MoreGlobalization And International Business : Globalization954 Words   |  4 PagesMonica Mall 3/11/15 India Intro Globalization/ International Business In the text International Business, globalization is defined as the â€Å"acceleration and extension of the interdependence of economic and business activities across national boundaries (p 3)†. Many multinational corporations manufacture products in different nations and selling internationally to different nations. With the constant flow of goods and service help the integration of economies and societies. SinceRead MoreA Round Table : Role Of The State Development1449 Words   |  6 Pagesthe state has been essential to development by creating the necessary conditions for economic growth to happen, especially through protection against violence. Development requires investment, but investment requires protection from violence. The evolution of roaming bandits into the stationary bandit of the state provided the incentive to create conditions of prosperity (Posner, Apr. 12). Instead of plundering the wealth of its citizens and being the source of violence, the monarch faci litated economicRead MoreSingapore s Highest Standards Of Living1742 Words   |  7 Pagesindependent two years later in 1965. A 697 squared kilometers country ranked as 192nd in the world according to its area and no more that 3.5 times the size of Washington, DC has become one of the world s most successful countries with strong international trading relations and one of the world’s highest standards of living. Singapore is a parliamentary representative democratic republic, the head of government is the Prime Minister (Lee Hsien Loong) and the head of State is the president (Tan KengRead MoreImpact Of The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act1334 Words   |  6 Pagessuch legislation on foreign trade, international law, and code of ethics. The idea of the FPCA was to eliminate these acts of corporate corruption. Corruption is caused by the act of abusing either a public or private office for personal gain (CleanGovBiz). Furthermore, the effects of corruption in which is imposed on the economic, political and social development of society has facilitated to the evolution of this Act. All around, it can be argued that corruption inflicts a threat on the sustainableRead MoreRoosevelts Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagespotentially colonized nations received little agency within this international equation. They become, as Deborah Poole claims, an â€Å"imperial subjec t,† the focus of the â€Å"anxious and interested spectators† whose â€Å"racial discourses, administrative habits, historical narratives, and spatial configurations†¦ form and legitimate imperial power†. With the public political protection of these nations assured in the eyes of other international â€Å"spectators† as a result of the Monroe Doctrine, the citizens ofRead MoreYemen Civil War Essay1487 Words   |  6 Pagesmajor development policy issue in Marib concerns the providing of basic security when their nation’s government and the international community are failing to do so. Without basic individual protections and rights, human progress and economic development cannot be achieved. A debate then arises of how to best provide and implement security in places like Yemen. Often international aid and support are blocked by different political interests in the region. Controversial methods or policies are thusRead MoreYola: Managing Mu ltiple Challenges Essay916 Words   |  4 Pagesbetter resistance than developed countries. Many companies tend to ignore Africa because of the persistent political problems, corruption, so they turned to emerging countries like the BRICs countries. While much remains to be done in terms of international rules in these countries, at least they have insurance for companies that want to invest, by adhering to international standards. 3. What is the core challenge facing Yola? There are several issues raised in this case, starting from productRead MoreGlobalization Brings Different Consequences When Driven By Different Motives Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pageswatching and reading news and world events from varying perspectives and wondering how the same events can be read so differently. My apologies for the lack of references, but much of my opinions were formed by what was not said in national and international events as much as by what was. That said, to really answer the first question I need to define what I see as the biggest negative consequence; irreversible ecological and cultural damage. Every reduction in biodiversity and cultural diversityRead MoreRoles, Responsibilities, And Styles Of Policing1468 Words   |  6 Pagesthe first â€Å"era† of policing was established in 1840. Until recently, there were only three established eras of policing: The Political Era, Reform Era and Community Era. We are now in a fourth era- the New Era. All of these eras are reflections of evolution amongst law enforcement officers, as well as political figures of their times. The roles and styles of policing have been a never-ending topic of change, which has grown to fit the demands of the public. Each new era has been born out the desire

IMPACT OF LOCAL OIL PRICES ON THE AUTOMOBILE SALES Acknowledgements - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 11 Words: 3404 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Abstract The objective of this research is to study and understand the relation between the oil prices and the sales of automobiles. The escalation in the petroleum prices plays a major role in the automobile industry worldwide. When the price of oil increases, it evidently alarms the automobile industry because the auto companies are in the competition with one another to fulfill the new demands for more fuel efficient consumer mindful at condensed price. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "IMPACT OF LOCAL OIL PRICES ON THE AUTOMOBILE SALES Acknowledgements" essay for you Create order Furthermore, rise in the petroleum prices also impacts the kind of means of transportation demanded by the buyer and the way those vehicle motors are designed. However after studying the oil price impact on Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s automobile industry sales we have concluded that the relationship of oil prices and auto sales does not exists in Pakistan. Contents Acknowledgements II Abstract III Contents IV 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 The Impact of Rising Oil Prices on Automobile Sales: 1 Background of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile industry 4 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 4.0 RESEARCH METHOD 14 5.0 HYPOTHESIS TESTING 15 5.1 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE 15 5.1.1 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" domestic oil prices 15 5.1.2 Dependent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Auto mobile Sales 16 6.0 DATA ANALYSIS: 17 7.0 CONCLUSION IMPLICATIONS 19 8.0 REFERENCES 20 List of Tables: Table 6.1 ANOVA and level of Significance 18 Table 6.2: Regression Statistics of the tested variables 18 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Impact of Rising Oil Prices on Automobile Sales: Impact of oil in daily life is quite evident. Oil is considered as a strategic energy for economic time line. The price of oil has an effect on cost of production in diversified ways such as with the increase in oil prices, there is an increase in the costs of transportation of export, import and goods for local expenditure. Apart from this there is also an upward slope in rates of air, road, rail and sea transportation with the rise in the price petroleum. Oil endows with 97% of the transportation fuels that facilitates in running the trucks cars and other automobiles in the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s highway. Thus, when the price of the oil increases, it evidently alarms the automobile industry because the auto-companies are in competition with one another to fulfill the new demands for more fuel proficient consumer mindful at condensed price. There are no reservations that profit margin of the companies are affected by this. Furthermore, rise in oil price also affects the kind of means of transportation demanded by the buyer and the way those vehicle motors are designed. The escalation in the petroleum prices plays a major part in the automotive industry. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The world consumes over 82 million barrels of oil per day (BPD), with the united states taking roughly 20 million BPDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?1. Petroleum is one of the most essential contributions in a nations economy and its price has extensive economic and social impacts. Various researches illustrate that the price of petroleum in Pakistan is considerably high either with or without involving per capita income and it needs to be leveled downwards in order to guarantee competitiveness of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exports and lessen the burden on the buying competence of the nation. Nevertheless, this cannot be a simple task as Pakistan heavily depends upon imported oil in order to fulfill its petroleum necessity and the development surcharges and the import revenues compose a major sector of the Government income. However, a feasible and reasonable solution to trim down oil price is needed keeping in sight the revenue making facet and the prevailing global prices of crude oil. The major reason of escalated oil prices is linked with the demand of oil and the complication in oil refineries. Petroleum is used usually for two reasons: Firstly, in the gasoline production and secondly in the production of tires. In the US, during the last few years the prices of gasoline have risen up considerably reaching on an average over $ 3.00/gallon (EIA-Energy Information Administration).Oil is considered as the main element in the tires production. With the increase in the oil prices, the cost and expenditure in making the tires escalates, the cost to heat up or cool the manufacturing plant where tires are produced increases, and eventually escalates the expenditure of shipping the tires to further destinations. Because of the rise in the price of petroleum, the tire makers are also increasing the price of tires. The automobile sector is affected by both, tire production and gasoline prices as the profit margins are affected by the rise in oil prices and tire production prices. The automobile industry catastrophe, currently worldwide phenomena, started during 2008-H2. The automotive sector is going through a crisis condition in US and Canada because of the Automobile products Trade Agreement. Nevertheless, all auto makers worldwide, especially in Japan and Europe are also facing the same crisis. The first fragile connection in the auto sector was the record high petroleum prices during 2008 which caused global oil crisis and made fuel costs and expenditures unreasonable, causing buyers to opt for smaller cars rather than larger SUVs (sports utility vehicles) and the pick up trucks. Background of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile industry The global oil crisis has affected Pakistan economy severely. Automobile sector has been greatly impacted by the oil price shocks. There had been consistency in the Gross Profit Margin of Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile industry. It raised from FY01 (6.83) to FY03 (13.73).Then had a downward slope for two consecutive years to 12.17 (FY05), then remained stable for two more consecutive years (FY05 FY07).Since FY07 there has been a constant downward slope, reaching 6.14 (FY09) the diminishing Profit margin was because of the ever escalated cost of goods sold. The risen up cost is primarily due to the global oil price shocks and the high depreciation value of Rupee. The escalated costs were also linked to the high inflation rate during FY09. 2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW Escalated oil prices have been accountable for periods of extreme inflation, recessions, and lower productivity and reduced economic growth. For the Automobile manufacturers the fuel price debate is nothing new. Due to predefined end of petroleum resources, the automakers have come up with various strategies to avert any sudden need for action. However till now, no one has clearly defined the oil supply definitive end. Kiseol Lee and Shawn Ni analyzed the effects of oil price shocks on demand and supply in automobile industry depicting the effect of oil price shocks mainly reducing demand. They suggested that oil price shocks influence economic activities. The first OPEC oil embargo in early 1970s has led to the start of debate over the oil shocks and its Macroeconomic effects. The most comprehensively surveyed theories on the direct consequence of oil price shocks incorporates thatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? an input-cost effect, that higher energy cost lowers usage of oil which in turn lowers productivity of capital and labor; and an income effect, that higher cost of imported oil reduces disposable income of U.S. householdsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. (K.Lee, 2002) According to an editorial in 1973-1974 oil crises: Automobile sales, especially for standard and medium-sized cars, began diminishing almost with the first realization that the energy crisis is reality. The trade-in value of big gas-guzzlers toppled unmercifully and some dealers were threatening not to take them in trade at all. Gasoline mileage, not size and comfort suddenly became the paramount concern for the consumer. (Wards Auto World) K.Lee contrasted to the situation in the petroleum refinery and industrial chemical industries which were bothered by the escalated cost of fuel, research in trade papers proposed considerable indications that the automotive industry distraught by the two fuel price shocks mainly due to the demand for larger vehicles stabbed. The effects of oil price hikes for nearly all other industries are less severe and intricate. The writings in trade journals of rubber, metals and other machinery industries often cited that the major factor of soggy economical activity is the dejected and depressed automotive market, however the highlighted that various sectors of these industries have also gained benefit from augmented economic activity in energy exploration and protection.(K Lee ,2002) The steel sector was adversely affected by the hunch in automotive sales. According to the Wardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Auto World, Chemical week and Industry Week magazines, the oil prices crunches lowered the demand for the metals by their effect on automobiles, housing and consumer durables. Globally, the auto mobile assemblers are facing financial crisis at their worst which is eventually leading to recession. In the same way , as Pakistan à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"s Auto Market is an export driven industry which attracts both foreign and locals investments, therefore is facing decreasing sales and production level and depicting a depressing future. Because of the present critical situation prevailing in the automobile sector, many companies are on the threshold of economic failure and bankruptcy. K Lee discussed that after an oil price shock, demand for vehicles is destabilized in view of the fact that a prospective new car holder may go for other ways of transportation to save the operating expenditure of vehicles, or delay buying a new car because ambiguity about future energy prices makes it difficult to come to a decision which type of automobile to purchase. Increase in Oil price also alters the composition of the automobile demand. As compared to the small-size cars, the demand for full-size cars is much more destabilized. The U.S. auto makers suffered more ruthlessly from rising and falling oil price because they manufacture inconsistently more full-size cars than their overseas competitors. Hamilton in 1988 mentioned in his writings that the oil crisis stimulate recessions primarily because a sharp increase in oil price escalates ambiguity and elevates operating costs and expenditures of several durable goods, which diminishes demand for durables, venture and investments. (Hamilton 1988, 1999). Brad M. Barber, Reid W. Click, Masako N. Darrough analyzed and empirically estimated the degree to which exchange rate and oil price alterations have contributed to this market swing. Increase in oil prices diminishes the amount of vehicles sold by the US auto makers, but conversely to the common idea, had minor effect on the Japanese auto mobile makers .That oil price effect reported 6.5 percent of the variance of alteration in monthly sales volume for US automobile manufacturers. They also discussed that productions costs are affected by oil prices hikes. For their research they used VAR to highlight the environmental issues that influence the cost of manufacturing and demand in the automobile industry. They clearly account for the effect of oil prices and exchange rates on manufacturing costs and the impact of oil prices and income on the demand for vehicles. Their outcomes suggested that the all the considered macroeconomic variables affected sales volumes as forecasted by the model they used. With reference to oil prices, escalated oil prices have certainly led to turn down in sales by the U.S automobile manufactures. Hamilton proposed that financial slumps tend to emerge after oil price trends. In particular, the worldwide inflationary strains of 2008 became rigorous with the spikes up in fuel prices shocks in the global financial system including Pakistan. Fuel prices with respect to domestic currency emphasized the fact that the delivering channels of global shocks via exchange rates variations put down major effects on the domestic inflation within the economy. According to Hamilton, the variations in oil prices in local currency are inflated and unpredictable in contrast to the variations in prices of oil in dollar terms particularly in 1999 and onwards. This underlines the details that the impacts of external oil price shocks have considerable effect upon local inflation via exchange rate variations in the economy (Hamilton, 2005). Bresnahan and Ramey discussed that the OPEC oil price shock in US during 1973 had major impact on the U.S auto mobile industry. It amplified the demand for smaller, fuel efficient cars and at the same time condensed the demand for larger cars. As the funds, financial stock and labor force were basically bound for the manufacturing and production of larger cars, therefore the U.S automotive companies were inadequate to respond to this oil price shock. As a result, capacity consumption, utilization and the output cut down during the period of Oil price shock. Only few plants were equipped to produce the small cars, manufacturing and operating at their peak capacity. (Bresnahan and Ramey ,1993). Steven J. Davis, John Haltiwanger studied the impact of oil price shocks on the creation and devastation of American automobile manufacturing employment from 1972 to 1988. The oil price shock unfavorably had an effect on the proximity between the preferred and actual characteristics of factor contributed in the automobile industry along different dimensions. Firstly, a large amount of the physical resources in the auto industry was devoted to the manufacture of larger cars instead of the smaller ones. Secondly, the American automobile labor had built up proficiency that was skilled and specialized in the manufacture and production of particular car models, and these were likely to be larger vehicle models. In Pakistan also the increase in oil prices had impact on many enterprises. Many different small to medium Automobile companies in the manufacturing sector are facing a severe threat of downsizing, closures, layoffs and limited production cuts due to an abrupt rise in their cost and expenditures of doing manufacturing and a significant reduction in their car sales. According to the owners of different small automakers, the sales of different auto parts have plunged downwards to 30%-in proportion to the reduction in the car sales. The overall margins have also dropped down. With reference to the statistics of Pakistan Automotive Manufactures Association, car sales during the period of 2008-09 positioned at 82,844 units, which were declined by 48% from 164,650 units in the 2007-08. According to Birol and Keppler (2007) the association between mobility, calculated as time spent in movement, and economic output is more stable than the relationship between output and fuel utilization, partly due to increased possibilities of substitution between the latter. This examination bears a significant policy lesson: relative price changes to decrease energy consumption per unit of output are most effective where possibilities for substitution are highest. (Birol, Keppler, 2007) Storchmann (2005) employed a pooled model to calculate approximate average fuel utilization using various explanatory variables such as, population, private income, urbanization rates, density, oil prices and automobile expenditures. The sales of automobile sector is affected by all these variables. Thomas Klier and Joshua Linn estimated the impact of the price of gasoline on the demand for fuel efficient vehicles. They institute the idea that gasoline prices considerably influence the new auto market and the price escalations explained almost half of the down turn in market share of U.S auto firms. The outcomes suggested that consumer demand reacts when the price of gasoline increases or rise up during 1970à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and near the beginning of 1980à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s. During stable prices in the middle period, the sales had a negligible effect by the prices of gasoline; their results were steady with casual observation of the new auto market. Hamilton (1988) used a model called sectoral shifts that elucidated how an oil price slog might lower real GDP. The primary propagation method in this model is that an oil price escalation will lower consumer buying power of energy-using commodities such as automobiles. Goldberg (1998) determined the rebound effect by means of the Consumer Expenditure Survey for the years between 1984-1990, as an ingredient of a bigger equation system that also forecast the effect of oil on automobile sales and prices. Lutz Kilian in 2007 used Regression analysis to discuss that Automobile purchases were by far the most responsive expenditure item when the oil prices fluctuates. Purchase of other durables goods for instance appliances or furniture; by contrast, are far less responsive to energy price swings. Spending on public transportation and on food at home are few of the expenditure items that privileged from unexpected elevated energy prices. There will be a demand side impact of oil price increases. When oil prices rise, consumers are likely to delay or postpone their purchasing durables such as automobiles. This demand side impact leads to relative increase in inventories to sales and then decline industrial production. 4.0 RESEARCH METHOD The objective of this study is to determine the impact of local oil prices on Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Automobile sales. The research is exploratory in nature and relied on secondary research and data collection, reviewing available literature and data. The sample data consists of five years monthly oil prices; taken from OGRA (Oil and Gas regulatory authority), and five years monthly auto sales; taken from PAMA (Pakistan Automotive Manufacturers Association.) An extensive secondary data analysis was done where the impact of oil prices were observed and the related research were also examined to find out the linkages of the oil prices with the auto sales, data analysis was done through Ms-excel. The statistical tool used is regression and correlation. The tables were also generated through Ms-Excel 2007 version. 5.0 HYPOTHESIS TESTING The purpose of this research is to find the relationship between Local oil prices and the Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s auto industry sales. Globally, researchers have observed that oil plays a major role in impacting the Automobile industry sales. In our research we are also testing the following hypothesis. H1: The local oil prices have a direct impact on Automobile sales in Pakistan. 5.1 INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLE 5.1.1 Independent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" domestic oil prices In Pakistan, the oil prices passed through to domestic consumers is determined by Oil and Gas regulatory authority (OGRA) and although the oil price in international oil market fluctuates on a daily basis, in Pakistan the pass through is carried out after every 15 days. The international oil prices impact almost every sector of the country from transportation to the Agriculture. Hence oil is the backbone of every sector of the economy and plays an important role in the development of any economy. 5.1.2 Dependent Variable à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Auto mobile Sales Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s automobile sales were taken from PAMA which is a registered Pakistan Automobiles Association company. The global oil crisis has affected Pakistan economy severely. Automobile sector has been greatly impacted by the oil price shocks. 6.0 DATA ANALYSIS: The data analysis was done through Ms-Excel 2007, Correlation and Regression analysis was done to find out the relationship between the two variables. The monthly local oil prices were compared with the monthly automobile sales. The regression Analysis was done to determine if escalation in oil prices affects the sales of automobile industry or not, to find out this the following equation has been used Y = a + bx Here Y= auto sales And X= oil prices Sales = f (oil price) S=16,150.92-32.03(oil price) Negative sign of X intercept shows that the result is inline with the literature review i.e. with the increase in oil prices, automobile sales is declining. However the relationship is insignificant because P value is 0.51 (greater that 0.05).Therefore, the research hypothesis has been rejected and there is no relationship between oil prices and sales of auto industry. Table 6.1 ANOVA and level of Significance ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1.00 7,521,403.95 7,521,403.95 0.44 0.51 Residual 55.00 939,576,283.03 17,083,205.15 Total 56.00 947,097,686.98 Table 6.2: Regression Statistics of the tested variables Multiple R 0.09 R Square 0.01 Adjusted R Square (0.01) Multiple R is 0.09 which means the correlation between the two variables is negligible. R square is also 1% which also indicates negligible effect of oil on the auto sales .Y intercept signifies that if oil price is 0, still the auto sales will be 16,150.92 units. Whereas, the slope indicates that with the increase in oil prices, the auto sales will decrease with 32.03 units. Log of both the variables was tested in order to find out the linearity, but no such relationship exists between the two variables. 7.0 CONCLUSION IMPLICATIONS The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of local oil prices on automobile sales in Pakistan. After conducting this research the results indicates that there is no significant impact on the Auto sales when the oil price changes. The escalation in the petroleum prices plays a major role in the automobile industry worldwide. When the price of oil increases, it evidently alarms the automobile industry because the auto companies are in the competition with one another to fulfill the new demands for more fuel efficient consumer mindful at condensed price. Furthermore, rise in the petroleum prices also impacts the kind of means of transportation demanded by the buyer and the way those vehicle motors are designed. However after studying the oil price impact on Pakistanà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s automobile industry sales the research concluded that the relationship of oil prices and auto sales does not exists in Pakistan. The result shows that the correlation between the two variables is very minor and the significance value F indicated that there is no linear relationship between the two variables.

Online Exhibition Essay A More Perfect Union Free Essays

At the height of the internment of the Japanese Americans during World War II, the number of individuals relocated and housed at the internment camps reached a staggering 120,000 individuals. Spread over 10 camps nationwide, that were defined by remoteness and remove from the general structure of American society, these people many of which were born American citizens lived their lives under lock and key simply because of their cultural ancestry. Not only men, but women, children, and the elderly were classified as â€Å"enemy aliens† following the bombing of Pearl Harbor. We will write a custom essay sample on Online Exhibition Essay: A More Perfect Union or any similar topic only for you Order Now Using national security as justification, the U.S. government displaced and imprisoned these Japanese Americans for 2 years, taking not only their freedom but their assets as well. Given the information contained in the Smithsonian’s exhibition, A More Perfect Union, the justification of national security was faulty and played off prejudice rather than common sense. The Japanese migration to Hawaii and the U.S. mainland began in 1861 and continued through to 1940. During this time over 275,000 individuals immigrated. Many of the first generation Japanese who came to the U.S. worked on sugar cane fields in Hawaii and on fruit and vegetable farms in California. There they established communities and were able to surround themselves with cultural familiarity but as their population grew, animosity against them also began to grow. Within a couple years of their first arrival, the Hawaii legislator passed laws restricting the immigration of Japanese. By 1907, the U.S. had restricted the travel of Japanese from Hawaii to the mainland. The exhibit notes that by 1940, forty percent of the population of Hawaii owed at least part of their ancestry to Japanese. In California, the Japanese Americans fought similar odds as their tenacity and success made them easy targets of racially fueled jealousy. The racism against them, however, was not limited to the unsuccessful farmer down the road but rather reached into every branch of government. Unable to own land or become citizens, many Japanese placed their properties in the name of their children who had been born in the U.S. and were therefore citizens. The Supreme Court itself, played on the side of the oppressor, ruling against Japanese immigrants and upholding racist laws and restrictions. Anti-Japanese propaganda was also common place in the years leading up to Pearl Harbor, including bubble gum cards sold to children and political cartoons, editorials and speeches. Once the Japanese American population established itself as a living and growing community in the United States, the hatred became more concentrated. With the drop of the bomb on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the Japanese Americans fate was sealed. Americans had followed the Japanese Army’s support of Hitler and Mussolini, they were aware of the military power. What American’s were not prepared for was for that military power to reach across the Pacific and tap them on the shoulder. The exhibit notes that in the panic that ensued along the West Coast, along with the prejudices already in place and made policy, the Japanese Americans became an easy target for political kowtowing and venting the prejudices which had until then only bubbled. With President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s issuance of executive order 9066, the situation exploded into full blown segregation. What is interesting to note, is that though the U.S. was also in a war against Germany and Italy, Italian American and German Americans were not targeted under E.O. 9066, â€Å"While German or Italian enemies were often viewed as misguided victims of despotic leaders, Japanese people were referred to as â€Å"yellow vermin,† â€Å"mad dogs,† and â€Å"monkey men.† Racist wartime propaganda further exacerbated fears of invasion and prejudice against people of Japanese decent.† Much of the political and military justification for the removal of Japanese Americans was blatantly fueled by individual racism and not sound strategy. Congressman from the West Coast, who had their own individual prejudices against their own Japanese American communities were some of the strongest supporters of the measure. The initial order was for the military to remove persons from their jurisdiction who were seen to be threats to national security but the removal wasn’t limited to individuals near air bases or the coast but stretched far across the country, uprooting them from their homes and leaving them to take only what they could carry. Disobeying the order was not an option nor was it considered correct. Japanese American, Morgan Yamanaka, in recalling her own experience explains that it wasn’t in their upbringing to disobey the authority of the federal government, â€Å"I think one has to appreciate what our parents, the immigrant parents taught us: â€Å"Always respect order coming from the people above you. Respect your teachers, respect the government, respect the law. Be obedient, be reserved, be a good Japanese according to good Japanese traditions.† Though I doubt it was willing, there was little protest on the part of the Japanese Americans. However, perhaps this loyalty and obedience to the U.S. government despite the criminal nature of   E.O. 9066, was also a factor in the survival of spirit and their reemergence back into American society following the camps. The camp experience though far less extreme, despite the designation of internment rather than the Nazi concentration camps, did not differ so much from the Jews experiences in Germany during the same time. Fenced in by barbed wire and soldiers with guns, their were housed in substandard barracks and worked for minimal wages to help support the camp and war effort. Many used their opportunities at work as ways to continue their lives outside the context of the camp, while remaining imprisoned. The things which occupied their time such as artwork and making of furniture, the expression of their freedom through imagination are what I would most recommend to someone viewing the exhibit. The works, though deeply disturbing in the recurrence of the fences and general feeling of entrapment present in some, shows a freedom that no imprisonment can stifle. While the body is imprisoned, the mind continues to go forth into the world even if it is only a recoloring of the same landscape, dusty and isolated. To maintain artistic expression under such duress is a true show of the strength needed to survive becoming an unknowing enemy. By 1943, the U.S. government was asking all residents of the camp to fill out a questionnaire to determine their loyalty to the U.S. Some, feeling tricked and manipulated by the maneuver and the questions on the forms, chose to reply no to certain questions, such as â€Å"†Will you swear unqualified allegiance to the United States†¦ and forswear any form of allegiance or obedience to the Japanese emperor, to any other foreign government, power or organization?† The exhibit explains that some of the interned Japanese Americans saw the question as a double edged sword. If they were to answer yes, than they would be implying that they had ever been disloyal to the U.S. government and to answer no was to seal their fate. The ones who were deemed loyal were able to start on the road back to a normal life, the others were segregated further. Among these were children and natural born U.S. citizens. At the end of the war, over 4,000 Japanese Americans (all but 100 under the age of 20) were repatriated to Japan. How to cite Online Exhibition Essay: A More Perfect Union, Essays

Network Security Vulnerability & VPN Technology - Research Analysis

Question: Describe about the Research on Network Security Vulnerability and VPN Technology Protocols Application? Answer: Introduction This particular research paper emphasizes in identifying the network security vulnerabilities and with Virtual Private Network protocol identification. In order to conduct the research, the analysts first select the outline of the research to identify the several network security components, and examining the existing weaknesses. After that, the researchers recognize the several types of VPN; present the research findings on the data security, analyzing data packets with Wireshark usage. The final research report will determine the outcome as depicting any identified weaknesses in VPN (Yan et al. 2012). Finally, a set of recommendations will be provided on the further research on the agenda. The research methodologies will include the primary and secondary techniques in order to gain detailed responses from the respondent sample. The primary research as in quantitative research will be performed among the users of Virtual Private Network and the qualitative research will be continued for the Internet Service Provider vendors (Aloul et al. 2012). To conduct better analysis on the agenda, the hypotheses are to be identified and individual independent and dependent variables are selected for creating regression or t-test model. To support the primary research outcomes, the secondary or case study analysis will be performed as well. Aim and Objectives The research aim and objectives are illustrated in this section, for showing the primary responsibilities of any research paper in order to conduct detailed analysis (Hahn et al. 2013). This section shows how the aim is relevant in this study, with aspect of the research objectives, with selecting the research questions and hypotheses setting. The weaknesses identify the security vulnerabilities in the context of data security. The technologies as TCP/IP network include weaknesses in HTTP, FTP, ICMP protocols. According to Knapp and Langill (2014), the various network devices are not free from vulnerabilities as well, the devices lack from safe and secure password protection, routing protocols, firewall gaps, and other limitations. In case of configuration, the user accounts, systems accounts with guessable passwords, wrongly configured network, are the primary instances of network vulnerabilities. Again, as Viduto et al. (2012) claimed, in security policies, the weaknesses stay as in lack of continuation, access controls, hardware and software installation without policies, and disaster recovery planning. Research Aim: Research aim is primarily for identifying the research questions and objectives. The aim is to identify the VPN components and their importance analysis, to identify the security technologies and their vulnerabilities, and to analyze the data packet reliability, network security in VPN. Therefore, in short to be precise, the research is aimed at incorporating the VPN technology in order to minimize the existing weaknesses in security options. Research Objectives: After identifying the research aim in this study, the objectives are set as following. To identify the network security technologies and their existing vulnerabilities To identify the VPN components and their importance in context to the data protection To analyze the Data packet security, reliability in non-VPN network To analyze the level of network security required for VPN network with applying Wireshark To present the findings as a report in including recommendations on further research The research objectives are similar for the primary and secondary techniques in this context of VPN security and exiting vulnerabilities identification. In the objectives, the research aims are aligned as usual. Research Questions: After considering the research aim and objectives in this agenda, the researchers have derived the particular research questions. The research questions are noted as following. What are the existing weaknesses in the network security technology components? What are the important factors of VPN acting as a solution in data protection? Are the data packets reliable enough in non-Virtual Private Network? Are there any existing weaknesses present in Virtual Private Network? Research Hypotheses: The hypotheses are set for proving primary research questions with findings in the study. The set hypotheses are the following. Hypothesis 1: H0: The data packets are reliable enough in non-Virtual Private Network. H1: The data packets are not reliable enough in non-Virtual Private Network. Hypothesis 2: H0: There are several existing weaknesses present in Virtual Private Network. H1: No existing weaknesses are present in Virtual Private Network. The hypotheses are relevant for identifying the dependent and independent variable in this context for multiple regression analysis. Research Methodology This section addresses the most appropriate way in which the research will be conducted in order to achieve the complete and detailed results of the process. Vacca (2012) demonstrated that the theories and concepts in research methodology adoption makes the procedure understood to VPN vendors, users with security requirements in non-VPN and VPN architecture. Gonzalez et al. (2012) opined that the detail process of research will lead to common blunders as the limitations of the study and future scope as well. Aside the common errors, the researchers will be able to apply the entire research process for identifying the network security and existing vulnerabilities, VPN security, and other aspects. Method outline: The method outline includes the detailed research techniques, with security vulnerabilities identification and the important factors of VPN in data protection. The selected research approach is deductive with allowing the VPN components recognition, and the identification of vulnerabilities in the current network structure (Van Der Merwe et al. 2014). The descriptive design will help the researcher in order to define the study importance in this aspect. The primary and secondary data sources will increase the study quality and details. Forty-five users of the network will be identified and five ISP vendors will be included in this study. Research Approach: The research approach will set out the study format with showing the two basic types of study as deductive and inductive. The study may include the inductive approach in case of data required is not readily available and the researchers need to derive the data. Rosado (2013) included that the study may be setting new theories with incorporating the older concepts. On the contrary, deductive approach denies the theoretical approach rather than application of practices in the context, the deductive approach includes the data analysis and detailed specifications for new theory emerging (Hengeveld and Harris Corporation 2012). In some cases, the nature of the study should be according to the chosen approach in order to analyze with suitability in the topic. In this particular study, the security technologies and their vulnerabilities will be analyzed with security requirements identification. The inductive approach will fail in this scenario, whereas the deductive approach will be practical with the research agenda. Therefore, the deductive approach will be precise in this context. Research Design: Mullick et al. (2013) determined that the research design supports the explanation framework with the topic with data collection and analysis process. The data collection process will follow a particular design for analysis as identified as exploratory, explanatory and descriptive. Figure 1: Research design (Source: Gong, Liu and Zhou 2013, pp. 3263) Exploratory design is important for acknowledging the several types of ideas and thoughts for research paper completion. The explanatory research design will describe the certain scenarios and incidents occurrence and the derived effect in the study. The descriptive research design is suitable for overall cause-effect analysis with detailed visibility of data and security requirements (Lehmann Jr, and Dye 2013). The selected research design will be descriptive for depicting detailed study with individual results analysis. The explanatory design should not be applied in this context as the research required cross-sectional analysis. Again, the exploratory research design will fail to analyze the with respect to the secondary data sources. Data collection process and analysis techniques: The research will be performed with primary study and secondary sources of data with including the respondents and the secondary research papers. Bianzino et al. (2012) illustrated that the primary study will need to be performed with reliability and data clarifications. The secondary study will analyze the concepts with accessing sufficient literatures, articles, books, blogs and others. The primary data collection will be analyzed with qualitative and quantitative process. The network users and their responses will be analyzed with quantitative techniques and the responses from ISP vendors will be analyzed with qualitative techniques (Conti and Giordano 2014). The two types of data collection and analysis techniques will be able to provide in-depth identification of findings in this context. Sampling Techniques, Size, Population and Ethical Considerations: The sample is selected with identifying the 45 users and 5 individual vendors in UK. For quantitative research process, 45 users and for qualitative research process, 5 vendors are selected. The sampling technique is selected as random probability technique in this study and the respondents will be selected randomly. The sample size is taken as 50 in total and the population for the sample is identified as the United Kingdom VPN users and network vendors available. The ethical considerations are very important in this aspect with comprising the handling technique applicable for the respondents. The respondents should be controlled professionally with setting certain activities and events. Literature Review As per the researchers point of view, there may several types of security vulnerabilities may occur with technical, configuration and security policy perspective. Keromytis (2012) opined that the HTTP, FTP, ICMP and even the SMTP, SNMP protocols are vulnerable with technological insecurity over the design. Again, Yan et al. (2012) discussed that the operating system and platform may turn out to be primary concern for security threats and risks. Moreover, Aloul et al. (2012) claimed the technological threats may include the devices risks and weaknesses. The device weaknesses may include insecure password protection, authentication issues, improper routing protocol, and firewall gaps as well. Hahn et al. (2013) demonstrated that the technological risks and weaknesses as well as the configuration weaknesses may include exploit with insecure user accounts, easily guessable passwords as the common issues in this aspect. Knapp and Langill (2014) illustrated that the internet services may b e wrongly configured in certain scenarios with JavaScript, IIS, FTP problems. The default setting within the products may include several security issues with loopholes. Viduto et al. (2012) depicted that the security policies were in a turf war due to implementing the suitable process to support data reliability and protection. The logical access controlling process lacks from adequate monitoring and auditing process and as well as maintenance (Vacca 2012). The wrongful termination of policies may stand up with legal challenges in policy enforcing. The software and hardware installation and the unnecessary, unapproved changes in network may create security loopholes. Gonzalez et al. (2012) indentified that recovery plan may cause chaos, panic and pandemonium in organizations with chances of sabotage. Apart from the above mentioned reasons and security threats, there are certain issues and risks as malicious insiders, identity theft, and others. The VPN technologies have some other competitive advantages within the network architecture. According to Van Der Merwe et al. (2014), Virtual Private Network incorporates enhances security feature with encrypted facility of data protecting from attackers. Rosado (2013) opined the remote control facility is present in VPN and secure sharing process helps to circulate files among the friends. Again, Hengeveld (2012) mentioned that the bandwidth and network efficiency can be increased even after VPN is implemented. The VPN network reduces cost of maintenance and service providers do not consider the surveillance as a cost concern (Bianzino et al. 2012). Therefore, the VPN is cost-efficient and as well as effective network solution. Conclusion After discussing the research methodologies with literature review, and comparison with several sources, the researchers have concluded that the study will be deductive. The identified sampling method will be random probability sampling and the primary and secondary data collection will be considered. The study included only important part as the data collection and analysis, the entire research the outcome is dependent over the analysis conducted. The analysis provides specific amount of details and along with particular portion of in-depth and empirical view of the study. The study is better understood with the analysis results and findings and hence, the certain research is set up with proven hypotheses. The hypotheses show whether the particular section is proven along with suitable support of sources, articles, documents and others. The undertaken project will become a success with respect to the hypotheses setting, again, when the outcome is verified with the research design; t he outcome is aligned with the project objectives. The alignment is important for verifying the project validity with current study progress. After the project is completed, the project success factors are identified for viewing the project deliverables and whether they are achieved or not. To serve this purpose, sometimes, the project Key Performance Reviewing is utilized with high-value indicators. References Aloul, F., Al-Ali, A.R., Al-Dalky, R., Al-Mardini, M. and El-Hajj, W., 2012. Smart grid security: Threats, vulnerabilities and solutions.International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy,1(1), pp.1-6. Bianzino, A.P., Chaudet, C., Rossi, D. and Rougier, J.L., 2012. A survey of green networking research.Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE,14(1), pp.3-20. Conti, M. and Giordano, S., 2014. Mobile ad hoc networking: milestones, challenges, and new research directions.Communications Magazine, IEEE,52(1), pp.85-96. Gong, L.H., Liu, Y. and Zhou, N.R., 2013. Novel quantum virtual private network scheme for PON via quantum secure direct communication.International Journal of Theoretical Physics,52(9), pp.3260-3268. Gonzalez, N., Miers, C., Redigolo, F., Simplicio, M., Carvalho, T., Nslund, M. and Pourzandi, M., 2012. A quantitative analysis of current security concerns and solutions for cloud computing.Journal of Cloud Computing,1(1), pp.1-18. Hahn, A., Ashok, A., Sridhar, S. and Govindarasu, M., 2013. Cyber-physical security testbeds: Architecture, application, and evaluation for smart grid.Smart Grid, IEEE Transactions on,4(2), pp.847-855. Hengeveld, T.A., Harris Corporation, 2012.Multi-tunnel virtual private network. U.S. Patent Application 13/477,185. Keromytis, A.D., 2012. A comprehensive survey of voice over IP security research.Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE,14(2), pp.514-537. Knapp, E.D. and Langill, J.T., 2014.Industrial Network Security: Securing critical infrastructure networks for smart grid, SCADA, and other Industrial Control Systems. Syngress. Lehmann Jr, L.C. and Dye, T.A., Meetrix Corporation, 2013.Applying multicast protocols and VPN tunneling techniques to achieve high quality of service for real time media transport across IP networks. U.S. Patent 8,477,778. Mullick, A., Nanjundaswamy, S. and Soni, A., Citrix Systems, Inc., 2013.Method and appliance for authenticating, by an appliance, a client to access a virtual private network connection, based on an attribute of a client-side certificate. U.S. Patent 8,413,229. Rosado, J.J.A., Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (Publ), 2013.Mobile virtual private networks. U.S. Patent 8,544,080. Vacca, J.R., 2012.Computer and information security handbook. Newnes. Van Der Merwe, J., Gerber, A. and Ramakrishnan, K., AtT Intellectual Property I, LP, 2014.Methods and apparatus to communicatively couple virtual private networks to virtual machines within distributive computing networks. U.S. Patent 8,705,513. Viduto, V., Maple, C., Huang, W. and Lpez-Perz, D., 2012. A novel risk assessment and optimisation model for a multi-objective network security countermeasure selection problem.Decision Support Systems,53(3), pp.599-610. Yan, Y., Qian, Y., Sharif, H. and Tipper, D., 2012. A survey on cyber security for smart grid communications.Communications Surveys Tutorials, IEEE,14(4), pp.998-1010.